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- ar(1) GNU Development Tools ar(1)
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- NNAAMMEE
- ar - create, modify, and extract from archives.
-
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- SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
- aarr [--]_{_d_m_p_q_r_t_x_}_[_a_b_c_i_l_o_s_u_v_V_] [_m_e_m_b_e_r_n_a_m_e] _a_r_c_h_i_v_e _f_i_l_e_s...
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- DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
- The GNU aarr program creates, modifies, and extracts from
- archives. An _a_r_c_h_i_v_e is a single file holding a collec-
- tion of other files in a structure that makes it possible
- to retrieve the original individual files (called _m_e_m_b_e_r_s
- of the archive).
-
- The original files' contents, mode (permissions), times-
- tamp, owner, and group are preserved in the archive, and
- may be reconstituted on extraction.
-
- GNU aarr can maintain archives whose members have names of
- any length; however, depending on how aarr is configured on
- your system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed
- (for compatibility with archive formats maintained with
- other tools). If it exists, the limit is often 15 charac-
- ters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16 charac-
- ters (typical of formats related to coff).
-
- aarr is considered a binary utility because archives of this
- sort are most often used as _l_i_b_r_a_r_i_e_s holding commonly
- needed subroutines.
-
- aarr will create an index to the symbols defined in relocat-
- able object modules in the archive when you specify the
- modifier `ss'. Once created, this index is updated in the
- archive whenever aarr makes a change to its contents (save
- for the `qq' update operation). An archive with such an
- index speeds up linking to the library, and allows rou-
- tines in the library to call each other without regard to
- their placement in the archive.
-
- You may use `nnmm --ss' or `nnmm ----pprriinntt--aarrmmaapp' to list this in-
- dex table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of
- aarr called rraannlliibb can be used to add just the table.
-
- aarr insists on at least two arguments to execute: one
- keyletter specifying the _o_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n (optionally accompanied
- by other keyletters specifying _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s), and the archive
- name to act on.
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- Most operations can also accept further _f_i_l_e_s arguments,
- specifying particular files to operate on.
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- ar(1) GNU Development Tools ar(1)
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- OOPPTTIIOONNSS
- GNU aarr allows you to mix the operation code _p and modifier
- flags _m_o_d in any order, within the first command-line ar-
- gument.
-
- If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument
- with a dash.
-
- The _p keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it
- may be any of the following, but you must specify only one
- of them:
-
-
- dd _D_e_l_e_t_e modules from the archive. Specify the names
- of modules to be deleted as _f_i_l_e_s; the archive is
- untouched if you specify no files to delete.
-
- If you specify the `vv' modifier, aarr will list each
- module as it is deleted.
-
-
- mm Use this operation to _m_o_v_e members in an archive.
-
- The ordering of members in an archive can make a
- difference in how programs are linked using the li-
- brary, if a symbol is defined in more than one mem-
- ber.
-
- If no modifiers are used with mm, any members you
- name in the _f_i_l_e_s arguments are moved to the _e_n_d of
- the archive; you can use the `aa', `bb', or `ii' modi-
- fiers to move them to a specified place instead.
-
-
- pp _P_r_i_n_t the specified members of the archive, to the
- standard output file. If the `vv' modifier is spec-
- ified, show the member name before copying its con-
- tents to standard output.
-
- If you specify no _f_i_l_e_s, all the files in the
- archive are printed.
-
-
- qq _Q_u_i_c_k _a_p_p_e_n_d; add _f_i_l_e_s to the end of _a_r_c_h_i_v_e,
- without checking for replacement.
-
- The modifiers `aa', `bb', and `ii' do _n_o_t affect this
- operation; new members are always placed at the end
- of the archive.
-
- The modifier `vv' makes aarr list each file as it is
- appended.
-
- Since the point of this operation is speed, the
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- archive's symbol table index is not updated, even
- if it already existed; you can use `aarr ss' or rraannlliibb
- explicitly to update the symbol table index.
-
-
- rr Insert _f_i_l_e_s into _a_r_c_h_i_v_e (with _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t). This
- operation differs from `qq' in that any previously
- existing members are deleted if their names match
- those being added.
-
- If one of the files named in _f_i_l_e_s doesn't exist,
- aarr displays an error message, and leaves undis-
- turbed any existing members of the archive matching
- that name.
-
- By default, new members are added at the end of the
- file; but you may use one of the modifiers `aa',
- `bb', or `ii' to request placement relative to some
- existing member.
-
- The modifier `vv' used with this operation elicits a
- line of output for each file inserted, along with
- one of the letters `aa' or `rr' to indicate whether
- the file was appended (no old member deleted) or
- replaced.
-
-
- tt Display a _t_a_b_l_e listing the contents of _a_r_c_h_i_v_e, or
- those of the files listed in _f_i_l_e_s that are present
- in the archive. Normally only the member name is
- shown; if you also want to see the modes (permis-
- sions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
- request that by also specifying the `vv' modifier.
-
- If you do not specify any _f_i_l_e_s, all files in the
- archive are listed.
-
- If there is more than one file with the same name
- (say, `ffiiee') in an archive (say `bb..aa'), `aarr tt bb..aa
- ffiiee' will list only the first instance; to see them
- all, you must ask for a complete listing--in our
- example, `aarr tt bb..aa'.
-
-
- xx _E_x_t_r_a_c_t members (named _f_i_l_e_s) from the archive.
- You can use the `vv' modifier with this operation,
- to request that aarr list each name as it extracts
- it.
-
- If you do not specify any _f_i_l_e_s, all files in the
- archive are extracted.
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- A number of modifiers (_m_o_d) may immediately follow the _p
- keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behav-
- ior:
-
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- aa Add new files _a_f_t_e_r an existing member of the
- archive. If you use the modifier aa, the name of an
- existing archive member must be present as the _m_e_m_-
- _b_e_r_n_a_m_e argument, before the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e specification.
-
-
- bb Add new files _b_e_f_o_r_e an existing member of the
- archive. If you use the modifier bb, the name of an
- existing archive member must be present as the _m_e_m_-
- _b_e_r_n_a_m_e argument, before the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e specification.
- (same as `ii').
-
-
- cc _C_r_e_a_t_e the archive. The specified _a_r_c_h_i_v_e is al-
- ways created if it didn't exist, when you request
- an update. But a warning is issued unless you
- specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
- using this modifier.
-
-
- ii Insert new files _b_e_f_o_r_e an existing member of the
- archive. If you use the modifier ii, the name of an
- existing archive member must be present as the _m_e_m_-
- _b_e_r_n_a_m_e argument, before the _a_r_c_h_i_v_e specification.
- (same as `bb').
-
-
- ll This modifier is accepted but not used.
-
-
- oo Preserve the _o_r_i_g_i_n_a_l dates of members when ex-
- tracting them. If you do not specify this modifi-
- er, files extracted from the archive will be
- stamped with the time of extraction.
-
-
- ss Write an object-file index into the archive, or up-
- date an existing one, even if no other change is
- made to the archive. You may use this modifier
- flag either with any operation, or alone. Running
- `aarr ss' on an archive is equivalent to running
- `rraannlliibb' on it.
-
-
- uu Normally, aarr rr... inserts all files listed into the
- archive. If you would like to insert _o_n_l_y those of
- the files you list that are newer than existing
- members of the same names, use this modifier. The
- `uu' modifier is allowed only for the operation `rr'
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- ar(1) GNU Development Tools ar(1)
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- (replace). In particular, the combination `qquu' is
- not allowed, since checking the timestamps would
- lose any speed advantage from the operation `qq'.
-
-
- vv This modifier requests the _v_e_r_b_o_s_e version of an
- operation. Many operations display additional in-
- formation, such as filenames processed, when the
- modifier `vv' is appended.
-
-
- VV This modifier shows the version number of aarr.
-
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- SSEEEE AALLSSOO
- `bbiinnuuttiillss' entry in iinnffoo; _T_h_e _G_N_U _B_i_n_a_r_y _U_t_i_l_i_t_i_e_s, Roland
- H. Pesch (October 1991). nnmm(11), rraannlliibb((1)).
-
-
- CCOOPPYYIINNGG
- Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim
- copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and
- this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
-
- Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified ver-
- sions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim
- copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work
- is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
- identical to this one.
-
- Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations
- of this manual into another language, under the above con-
- ditions for modified versions, except that this permission
- notice may be included in translations approved by the
- Free Software Foundation instead of in the original En-
- glish.
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